Phase

Phase computes the analytic signal of every channel by Hilbert transform (via FFT) and reads three things off it: instantaneous Amplitude in the input's unit, Phase in degrees (−180…180), and Frequency in Hz from the phase's rate of change, smoothed by Smooth Taps.

The Latest values are deliberately read 5 % (at most 50 ms) inside the window, where the transform is clean — the very edge of a Hilbert transform is unreliable, and reporting it would be dishonest.

Between two channels it also gives PLV, the phase-locking value over the window (1 = perfectly locked), and Phase Difference, their mean phase gap in degrees.

Band-pass the signal first. Instantaneous phase only means something for a reasonably narrow-band signal — that is a property of the mathematics, not of this implementation.

• Phase coupling — PLV between two EEG channels in the alpha band, the standard connectivity measure.
• Instantaneous frequency — How fast an oscillation is actually running, moment to moment.
• Amplitude envelope — The Hilbert amplitude is a cleaner envelope than a peak follower for a narrow-band signal.
• Sync a visual to a rhythm — Drive a rotation or a cycle directly from the measured phase.
• Detect a phase reset — A jump in phase where there should be continuity.

• Band-pass first. Always. A broadband signal has no single meaningful phase.
• Frequency is a derivative of phase, so it is noisy — raise Smooth Taps until it reads as a frequency.
• PLV needs enough cycles in the window to mean anything; a window shorter than a few periods will report noise as coupling.
• Phase Difference near 0 or ±180 with a high PLV is the interesting case — in phase or anti-phase.
• Plot phase as a Line and you will see the sawtooth; that is correct, not a wrap bug.